Right on track? Performance of satellite telemetry in terrestrial wildlife research.

Satellite telemetry is an increasingly utilized technology in wildlife research, and current devices can track individual animal movements at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. However, as we enter the golden age of satellite telemetry, we need an in-depth understanding of the main technological, species-specific and environmental factors that determine the success and failure of satellite tracking devices across species and habitats. Here, we assess the relative influence of such factors on the ability of satellite telemetry units to provide the expected amount and quality of data by analyzing data from over 3,000 devices deployed on 62 terrestrial species in 167 projects worldwide. We evaluate the success rate in obtaining GPS fixes as well as in transferring these fixes to the user and we evaluate failure rates. Average fix success and data transfer rates were high and were generally better predicted by species and unit characteristics, while environmental characteristics influenced the variability of performance. However, 48% of the unit deployments ended prematurely, half of them due to technical failure. Nonetheless, this study shows that the performance of satellite telemetry applications has shown improvements over time, and based on our findings, we provide further recommendations for both users and manufacturers.

Epidemiology of RHDV2 (Lagovirus europaeus/GI.2) in free-living wild European rabbits in Portugal.

As the detection of the first outbreak of a novel aetiological agent of rabbit haemorrhagic disease commonly called RHDV2 or RHDVb (Lagovirus europaeus/GI.2, henceforth GI.2) in France in 2010, the virus rapidly spread throughout continental Europe and nearby islands such as Great Britain, Sardinia, Sicily, the Azores and the Canary Islands among others. The outbreaks of this new lagovirus cause important economic losses in rabbitries, and ecological disruptions by affecting the conservation of rabbit-sensitive top predators. We analysed 550 rabbit carcasses collected in the field between May 2013 and March 2016, to investigate the epidemiology of GI.2 in free-living populations and to perform a comparative analysis with the epidemiology of classical rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus forms (RHDV, henceforth GI.1) in Portugal. Rabbits were sexed, aged and liver and blood samples were collected for subsequent RHDV screening and serology. A total of 172 samples were PCR-positive to GI.2, whereas GI.1 strains were not detected in any of the samples. The outbreaks of GI.2 revealed a marked seasonality, with peaks during the breeding season (November-May). We also found that approximately, one-third of free-ranging European rabbits in Portugal have seroconverted to GI.2. We demonstrate that the GI.2 lagovirus is currently widespread in wild populations in Portugal and is affecting a high proportion of adults and juveniles. Therefore, ongoing monitoring and surveillance are required to assess the effects of GI.2 on wild rabbit populations, its evolution, and to guide management actions aimed at mitigating the impacts of rabbit declines in the ecosystem and in rural economies.

Actualización del cáncer de mama en atención primaria (IV/V) / Update of breast cancer in primary care (IV/V)

El cáncer de mama es una enfermedad prevalente con implicaciones en todas las esferas de la vida de las pacientes, por lo que el médico de familia debe conocer en profundidad esta patología para optimizar la atención con los mejores recursos disponibles. Los 5 artículos que componen esta revisión ofrecen un resumen de la literatura sobre el cáncer de mama publicada en los últimos 10 años. Este cuarto artículo aborda el tratamiento de la enfermedad, el papel del médico de atención primaria al respecto y el manejo de las principales complicaciones. Esta revisión pretende ofrecer una visión global, actualizada y práctica sobre esta enfermedad que permita resolver los interrogantes que se presentan en la consulta de atención primaria, facilitar respuestas a las mujeres que las soliciten y en definitiva, permanecer al lado de las pacientes a lo largo de su enfermedad con la tranquilidad del conocimiento (AU)

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease affecting all areas of patients’ lives. Therefore, family physicians must thoroughly understand this pathology in order to optimize the health care services and make the best use of available resources, for these patients. A series of 5 articles on breast cancer is presented below. It is based on a review of the scientific literature over the last 10 years. This fourth article deals with the treatment of the disease, the role of the primary care physician, and management of major complications. This summary report aims to provide a current and practical review about this problem, providing answers to family doctors and helping them to support their patients and care for them throughout their illness (AU)

[Update of breast cancer in primary care (IV/V)]. / Actualización del cáncer de mama en atención primaria (IV/V).

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease affecting all areas of patients' lives. Therefore, family physicians must thoroughly understand this pathology in order to optimize the health care services and make the best use of available resources, for these patients. A series of 5 articles on breast cancer is presented below. It is based on a review of the scientific literature over the last 10 years. This fourth article deals with the treatment of the disease, the role of the primary care physician, and management of major complications. This summary report aims to provide a current and practical review about this problem, providing answers to family doctors and helping them to support their patients and care for them throughout their illness.

Actualización del cáncer de mama en Atención Primaria (III/V) / Update of breast cancer in Primary Care (III/V)

El cáncer de mama es una enfermedad prevalente con implicaciones en todas las esferas de la vida de las pacientes, por lo que el médico de familia debe conocer en profundidad esta patología, para optimizar la atención con los mejores recursos disponibles. Los cinco artículos que componen esta revisión ofrecen un resumen de la literatura sobre el cáncer de mama publicada en los últimos diez años. En esta tercera parte, se recordarán el contexto clínico, estadiaje y los factores pronósticos de la enfermedad. Esta revisión pretende ofrecer una visión global, actualizada y práctica sobre la enfermedad que permita resolver los interrogantes que se presentan en la consulta de Atención Primaria, facilitar respuestas a las mujeres que lo soliciten y, en definitiva, permanecer al lado de las pacientes a lo largo de su enfermedad con la tranquilidad del conocimiento (AU)

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease with implications in all aspects of patientś life, therefore, family doctors must know this pathology in depth, in order to optimize the health care provided to these patients with the best available resources. This series of five articles on breast cancer is based on a review of the scientific literature of the last ten years. This third article will review the clinical context and the staging and prognostic factors of the disease. This summary report aims to provide a global, current and practical review about this problem, providing answers to family doctors and helping them to be by the patients for their benefit throughout their illness (AU)

Actualización del cáncer de mama en Atención Primaria (II/V) / Update of breast cancer in Primary Care (II/V)

El cáncer de mama es una enfermedad prevalente con implicaciones en todas las esferas de la vida de las pacientes, por lo que el médico de familia debe conocer en profundidad esta dolencia, para optimizar la atención con los mejores recursos disponibles. Los 5 artículos que se presentan ofrecen un resumen elaborado a partir de una revisión detallada de la literatura sobre el cáncer de mama publicada en los últimos 10 años. Este segundo artículo aborda el cribado poblacional y sus controversias, el cribado en las mujeres de mayor riesgo y las recomendaciones actuales. Esta revisión pretende ofrecer una visión global, actualizada y práctica sobre esta enfermedad que permita resolver los interrogantes que se presentan en la consulta de Atención Primaria, facilitar respuestas a las mujeres que lo soliciten y, en definitiva, permanecer al lado de las pacientes a lo largo de su enfermedad con la tranquilidad del conocimiento (AU)

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease affecting all areas of patients’ lives. Therefore, family doctors need to thoroughly understand this disease in order to optimize the health care services for these patients, making the best use of available resources. A series of 5 articles on breast cancer is presented below. It is based on a review of the scientific literature over the last 10 years. The second one deals with population screening and its controversies, screening in high-risk women, and the current recommendations. This summary report aims to provide a current and practical review about this problem, providing answers to family doctors, and helping them to be able to care for their patients for their benefit throughout their illness (AU)

Actualización del cáncer de mama en Atención Primaria (I/V) / Update of breast cancer in Primary Care (I/V)

El cáncer de mama es una enfermedad prevalente con implicaciones en todas las esferas de la vida de las pacientes, por lo que el médico de familia debe conocer en profundidad esta dolencia, para optimizar la atención con los mejores recursos disponibles. Los 5 artículos que se presentan a continuación ofrecen un resumen elaborado a partir de una revisión detallada de la literatura sobre el cáncer de mama publicada en los últimos 10 años. El primero de ellos trata sobre la epidemiología, los factores de riesgo y los factores protectores de esta enfermedad. Esta revisión pretende ofrecer una visión global, actualizada y práctica sobre esta enfermedad que permita resolver los interrogantes que se presentan en la consulta de Atención Primaria, facilitar respuestas a las mujeres que lo soliciten y, en definitiva, permanecer al lado de las pacientes a lo largo de su enfermedad con la tranquilidad del conocimiento (AU)

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease affecting all areas of the patients’ lives. Therefore, family physicians should have a thorough knowledge of this disease in order to optimize the health care services for these patients, and making the best use of available resources. A series of 5 articles on breast cancer is presented below. It is based on a review of the scientific literature over the last 10 years. The first article reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, and protective factors in this disease This summary report aims to provide a current and practical review on breast cancer, providing answers to family doctors and helping them to support the patients for their benefit throughout their illness (AU)

[Update of breast cancer in primary care (I/V)]. / Actualización del cáncer de mama en Atención Primaria (I/V).

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease affecting all areas of the patients' lives. Therefore, family physicians should have a thorough knowledge of this disease in order to optimize the health care services for these patients, and making the best use of available resources. A series of 5 articles on breast cancer is presented below. It is based on a review of the scientific literature over the last 10 years. The first article reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, and protective factors in this disease This summary report aims to provide a current and practical review on breast cancer, providing answers to family doctors and helping them to support the patients for their benefit throughout their illness.

[Update of breast cancer in Primary Care (II/V)]. / Actualización del cáncer de mama en Atención Primaria (II/V).

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease affecting all areas of patients' lives. Therefore, family doctors need to thoroughly understand this disease in order to optimize the health care services for these patients, making the best use of available resources. A series of 5 articles on breast cancer is presented below. It is based on a review of the scientific literature over the last 10 years. The second one deals with population screening and its controversies, screening in high-risk women, and the current recommendations. This summary report aims to provide a current and practical review about this problem, providing answers to family doctors, and helping them to be able to care for their patients for their benefit throughout their illness.

[Update of breast cancer in Primary Care (III/V)]. / Actualización del cáncer de mama en Atención Primaria (III/V).

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease with implications in all aspects of patients life, therefore, family doctors must know this pathology in depth, in order to optimize the health care provided to these patients with the best available resources. This series of five articles on breast cancer is based on a review of the scientific literature of the last ten years. This third article will review the clinical context and the staging and prognostic factors of the disease. This summary report aims to provide a global, current and practical review about this problem, providing answers to family doctors and helping them to be by the patients for their benefit throughout their illness.

Widespread exposure to Sarcoptes scabiei in wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Spain.

Sarcoptic mange was recently described in the wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in north-eastern Mediterranean Spain, the first such infection reported in this species anywhere in the world. This finding has created concern in conservationists and game managers given that an outbreak of mange after a translocation would have catastrophic consequences for naïve rabbit populations in other parts of Spain. A retrospective serosurvey using an 'in house' ELISA test based on the use of a recombinant antigen aimed at determining the rates of contact with Sarcoptes scabiei was carried out on sera from 966 rabbits collected between 1993 and 2010 in Spain. Antibodies were found in 13% of wild rabbits in 60% of the 53 areas surveyed, as well as in 16 of the 17 Spanish provinces and islands studied. Seropositive rabbits were found amongst the oldest samples analyzed and in all studied years. Antibodies were also detected in 36% of rabbits from the protected island of Dragonera, where rabbits have probably not been released since the 1970s. On Mallorca, where 89 rabbits were inspected for both lesions and antibodies, the prevalence of lesions (5.6%) was much lower than the seroprevalence (22.5%), indicating that rabbits often survive infection or that ELISA detects infected rabbits before they develop visible lesions. Seroprevalence was higher in areas with medium levels of rabbit abundance, no restocking and high rainfall. The results show that mange is widespread in rabbits and that the mite is not a recent introduction. Thus, sarcoptic mange could be considered as an enzootic disease in the wild rabbit and so prophylactic measures implemented during rabbit translocations are to be encouraged to avoid local outbreaks in naïve populations.

Tumoración vaginal de diagnóstico prenatal / Prenatal diagnosis of vaginal tumors

No disponible

Trypanosoma spp. infection in wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) during a restocking program in Southern Spain.

The effect of parasites on managed rabbit populations may prove crucial to develop sanitary strategies during restocking programs of such key prey species. We investigated natural infection of European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with Trypanosoma spp. in Spain. By fencing part of the warrens during a rabbit restocking program, we induced host variation in rabbit density across these socio-spatial units. We aimed (i) to compare Trypanosoma spp. infection spread between fenced and open warrens and (ii) to assess the relationship between body condition and infection. Trypanosoma spp. parasitaemia peaked in juveniles and decreased onwards. Adult females showed statistically higher infection rates than males. Rabbits from fenced warrens presented statistically higher infection rates than those from open ones, but did not differ in body condition. Parasite abundance negatively correlated with body condition in adults. Sex differences could resemble increased susceptibility to infection in females as a cost of reproduction and/or a higher exposition inside the warrens. Future studies should clarify whether aggregation caused enhanced exposition to intermediate hosts (fleas) and subsequent transmission of the parasite, and we stress that the study of non-lethal parasites during restocking programs provides valuable information on host contact rates and on factors affecting disease susceptibility.

Iloprost inhalado: una alternativa terapéutica para la hipertensión pulmonar persistente del recién nacido / Inhaled iloprost: a therapeutic alternative for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

No disponible

Colonización e infección tras cateterización epidural temporal / Colonization and in fection after temporal epidural catheterization

Introducción : La analgesia epidural es un método efectivo para lograr un alivio del dolor en pacientes con enfermedad arterial, así como durante el periodo postoperatorio. Aunque se han descrito infecciones asociadas al uso prolongado de catéteres epidurales tunelizados, existe una información limitada respecto a la colonización e infección tras cateterización epidural temporal.Objetivos : Determinar la incidencia de colonización e infección local y/o espinal en pacientes portadores de catéteres epidurales durante periodos cortos de tiempo.Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y no randomizado desde 1996 hasta 1999 de 204 pacientes con una edad media de 70,8 años a los que se administró analgesia epidural para control de su dolor en casos de isquemia arterial aguda o crónica y durante el postoperatorio inmediato en cirugía general, traumatología y traumatismos costales. Los catéteres se colocaron en quirófano en condiciones de asepsia y se tunelizaron 2-3 cm. Posteriormente se hizo un seguimiento diario por personal de la unidad de dolor. Todos los catéteres se enviaron a cultivar al Servicio de Microbiología cuando fueron retirados .La analgesia se administró mediante un sistema de perfusión continua, mediante bolus o con un sistema mixto.Resultados : Se analizaron un total de 204 pacientes y se hicieron tres grupos: Grupo A. Pacientes en los que el resultado del cultivo microbiológico del catéter fue negativo y no existen signos de infección ni local ni profunda .Grupo B . Pacientes en los que el resultado del cultivo microbiológico del catéter fue positivo y no existen signos de infección local ni profunda. Grupo C. Pacientes en los que el resultado del cultivo microbiológico fue positivo y existen signos de infección local y/o profunda .En cada grupo se analizaron los siguientes aspectos: Antecedentes de inmunosupresión y tratamiento antibiótico .- Tiempo de permanencia del catéter.-Localización anatómica del catéter.-Sistema de administración de la medicación.De los 204 pacientes estudiados, las indicaciones más frecuentes para colocar analgesia fueron las siguientes: patologia vascular en un 65 por ciento, c. general un 22 por ciento, c. traumatológica un 6,3 por ciento y traumatismo costal en un 5,9 por ciento. La forma más frecuente de administrar la analgesia fue la p e rfusión continua en un 87 por ciento. La localización anatómica del catéter más habitual fue la lumbar en un 87 por ciento y la torácica en un 12 por ciento. El tiempo de permanencia medio de los catéteres fue de 9,4 días. No hemos encontrado cor relación entre los factores de riesgo de inmumosupresión, ni del tratamiento antibiótico con el aumento del número de infecciones. Únicamente hemos encontrado una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el caso de los traumatismos costales que se infectaron con más frecuencia .El germen más hallado ha sido el estafilococo coagulasa negativo en un 22 por ciento, seguido del Corynebacteriumen un 5 por ciento y del Estafilococo aureusen un 2,5 por ciento. Sólo se registró una complicación grave (absceso epidural) en un paciente que requirió tratamiento quirúrgico. Se ha registrado un índice de colonización del 22 por ciento, un índice de infección local del 9 por ciento y un índice de infección profunda del 1 , 4 7 por ciento .Conclusiones: La analgesia epidural es un método eficaz para control del dolor siempre que se realice una técnica adecuada y un control posterior exhaustivo hasta su retirada. Las complicaciones infecciosas son una de las complicaciones que pueden aparecer, los gérmenes hallados con más fre c u e ncia son los estafilococos coagulasa negativos. Las complicaciones graves han sido poco frecuentes y sólo una re q u irió tratamiento quirúrgico (AU)